中枢神经系统疾病（Central Nervous System Pathology）-病理学图库

右侧可见脑水肿，使脑结构模糊不清。正中线向左偏移。本例显示多发性小转移灶是水肿形成的原因。

There is cerebral edema seen at the right which obscures the structures. There is a shift of the midline to the left. Multiple small metastases were the cause for the edema in this case.

脑水肿病人大脑表面显示脑回变宽、表面平坦，脑沟变窄。

The surface of the brain with cerebral edema demonstrates widened gyri with a flattened surface. The sulci are narrowed.

封闭的颅腔内急性脑肿胀是非常危险的。左大脑半球肿胀通过小脑幕形成海马钩回疝和正中线偏移，从而出现此处白色箭头所示的沟。

Acute brain swelling in the closed cranial cavity is serious. Swelling of the left cerebral hemisphere has produced a shift with herniation of the uncus of the hippocampus through the tentorium, leading to the groove seen at the white arrow.

另例颞叶沟回疝，在脑干可引起Duret出血。

Here is another example of uncal herniation. Also seen with such herniation can be Duret hemorrhages in the brainstem.

急性大脑肿胀在枕骨大孔处也经常形成小脑扁桃体疝，注意小脑髓质附近的锥体形状的小脑扁桃体。

Acute cerebral swelling can also often produce herniation of the cerebelllar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Note the cone shape of the tonsils around the medulla in this cerebellum.

疝的结果是脑压迫和 Duret 出血,如此处脑桥所见。

The end result of herniation is compression and Duret hemorrhages, as seen here in the pons.

急性肿胀的另一个原因是感染。这里所见棕黄色混浊物是急性脑膜炎的渗出物。

One cause for acute swelling is infection. The yellow-tan clouding of the meninges seen here is due to an exudate from acute meningitis.

急性细菌性脑膜炎棕黄色渗出物使脑沟模糊不清。

The yellow-tan exudate of acute bacterial meningitis seen here obscures the sulci.

另例急性脑膜炎。早期诊断和早期进行抗菌治疗非常重要。临床的体征可能有:头疼、颈项强直(脊神经根受刺激)、发烧、意识障碍。

This is another case of acute meningitis. It is important to make the diagnosis and begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible. Clinical signs may include: headache, neck stiffness (from irritation of spinal nerve roots), fever, and clouded consciousness.

细菌感染引起的急性脑膜炎。脑脊液( CSF )检测结果比较典型，低糖、高蛋白质、大量中性粒细胞。革兰氏染色可用来检测细菌。

Here is another example of an acute meningitis from bacterial infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in such cases typically has a low glucose, high protein, and many PMN's. A gram stain should be done to identify organisms.

	右侧可见脑水肿，使脑结构模糊不清。正中线向左偏移。本例显示多发性小转移灶是水肿形成的原因。 There is cerebral edema seen at the right which obscures the structures. There is a shift of the midline to the left. Multiple small metastases were the cause for the edema in this case.
	脑水肿病人大脑表面显示脑回变宽、表面平坦，脑沟变窄。 The surface of the brain with cerebral edema demonstrates widened gyri with a flattened surface. The sulci are narrowed.
	封闭的颅腔内急性脑肿胀是非常危险的。左大脑半球肿胀通过小脑幕形成海马钩回疝和正中线偏移，从而出现此处白色箭头所示的沟。 Acute brain swelling in the closed cranial cavity is serious. Swelling of the left cerebral hemisphere has produced a shift with herniation of the uncus of the hippocampus through the tentorium, leading to the groove seen at the white arrow.
	另例颞叶沟回疝，在脑干可引起Duret出血。 Here is another example of uncal herniation. Also seen with such herniation can be Duret hemorrhages in the brainstem.
	急性大脑肿胀在枕骨大孔处也经常形成小脑扁桃体疝，注意小脑髓质附近的锥体形状的小脑扁桃体。 Acute cerebral swelling can also often produce herniation of the cerebelllar tonsils into the foramen magnum. Note the cone shape of the tonsils around the medulla in this cerebellum.
	疝的结果是脑压迫和 Duret 出血,如此处脑桥所见。 The end result of herniation is compression and Duret hemorrhages, as seen here in the pons.
	急性肿胀的另一个原因是感染。这里所见棕黄色混浊物是急性脑膜炎的渗出物。 One cause for acute swelling is infection. The yellow-tan clouding of the meninges seen here is due to an exudate from acute meningitis.
	急性细菌性脑膜炎棕黄色渗出物使脑沟模糊不清。 The yellow-tan exudate of acute bacterial meningitis seen here obscures the sulci.
	另例急性脑膜炎。早期诊断和早期进行抗菌治疗非常重要。临床的体征可能有:头疼、颈项强直(脊神经根受刺激)、发烧、意识障碍。 This is another case of acute meningitis. It is important to make the diagnosis and begin antibiotic treatment as soon as possible. Clinical signs may include: headache, neck stiffness (from irritation of spinal nerve roots), fever, and clouded consciousness.
	细菌感染引起的急性脑膜炎。脑脊液( CSF )检测结果比较典型，低糖、高蛋白质、大量中性粒细胞。革兰氏染色可用来检测细菌。 Here is another example of an acute meningitis from bacterial infection. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in such cases typically has a low glucose, high protein, and many PMN's. A gram stain should be done to identify organisms.