泌尿系统疾病|Renal Pathology

Berger病或IgA肾病。如箭头所示，IgA主要沉积在系膜，使系膜细胞增生。IgA肾病常表现为血尿。

This is Berger's disease, or IgA nephropathy. The IgA is deposited mainly in mesangium, which then increases mesangial cellularity as shown at the arrow. Patients with IgA nephropathy usually present with hematuria.

免疫荧光可见抗IgA抗体阳性，主要表现在系膜区。这就是IgA肾病。

This immunofluorescence micrograph demonstrates positivity with antibody to IgA. Note that the pattern is that of mesangial staining. This is IgA nephropathy.

膜增生性肾小球肾炎。根据病理结果把原发性膜增生性肾小球肾炎分为两型：I型和II型。如图所见，肾小球细胞增多，主要为系膜细胞。

This is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Those that are idiopathic are divided into types I and II by pathologic findings. As seen here, the glomerulus has increased overall cellularity, mainly mesangial.

如箭头所示，电镜下左下方的系膜细胞基质插入内皮细胞和基底膜之间，呈现双层基底膜现象。这是I型膜增生性肾小球肾炎。当系膜细胞（有巨噬细胞的功能）随着免疫沉积物来到内皮细胞和基底膜之间时，基底膜呈现这些特征性的改变。在此过程中，它使基底膜结构发生紊乱。

This electron micrograph demonstrates a mesangial cell at the lower left that is interposing its cytoplasm at the arrow into the basement membrane, leading to splitting and reduplication of basement membrane that is piled up above the mesangial cytoplasm in this micrograph. This is MPGN type I. These characteristic EM changes occur when the mesangial cell (which has a macrophage-like function) goes after subendothelial immune deposits, but makes a mess of the basement membrane in the process.

电镜下膜增生性肾小球肾炎II型，基底膜有电子致密物沉积。基底膜内高密度呈带状沉积。

This electron micrograph demonstrates the dense deposits in the basement membrane of MPGN type II. There are dark electron dense deposits within the basement membrane that often coalesce to form a ribbon-like mass of deposits.

名为Alport综合征的遗传性肾炎。病人通常表现为神经性耳聋及眼病。因为中性脂肪和粘多糖堆积，肾小管细胞呈泡沫样。肾小球表现为不规则增厚，基底膜分离。

This is a type of hereditary nephritis known as Alport's syndrome in which patients may also manifest nerve deafness and eye problems. The renal tubular cells appear foamy because of the accumulation of neutral fats and mucopolysaccharides. The glomeruli show irregular thickening and splitting of basement membranes.

	Berger病或IgA肾病。如箭头所示，IgA主要沉积在系膜，使系膜细胞增生。IgA肾病常表现为血尿。 This is Berger's disease, or IgA nephropathy. The IgA is deposited mainly in mesangium, which then increases mesangial cellularity as shown at the arrow. Patients with IgA nephropathy usually present with hematuria.
	免疫荧光可见抗IgA抗体阳性，主要表现在系膜区。这就是IgA肾病。 This immunofluorescence micrograph demonstrates positivity with antibody to IgA. Note that the pattern is that of mesangial staining. This is IgA nephropathy.
	膜增生性肾小球肾炎。根据病理结果把原发性膜增生性肾小球肾炎分为两型：I型和II型。如图所见，肾小球细胞增多，主要为系膜细胞。 This is membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN). Those that are idiopathic are divided into types I and II by pathologic findings. As seen here, the glomerulus has increased overall cellularity, mainly mesangial.
	如箭头所示，电镜下左下方的系膜细胞基质插入内皮细胞和基底膜之间，呈现双层基底膜现象。这是I型膜增生性肾小球肾炎。当系膜细胞（有巨噬细胞的功能）随着免疫沉积物来到内皮细胞和基底膜之间时，基底膜呈现这些特征性的改变。在此过程中，它使基底膜结构发生紊乱。 This electron micrograph demonstrates a mesangial cell at the lower left that is interposing its cytoplasm at the arrow into the basement membrane, leading to splitting and reduplication of basement membrane that is piled up above the mesangial cytoplasm in this micrograph. This is MPGN type I. These characteristic EM changes occur when the mesangial cell (which has a macrophage-like function) goes after subendothelial immune deposits, but makes a mess of the basement membrane in the process.
	电镜下膜增生性肾小球肾炎II型，基底膜有电子致密物沉积。基底膜内高密度呈带状沉积。 This electron micrograph demonstrates the dense deposits in the basement membrane of MPGN type II. There are dark electron dense deposits within the basement membrane that often coalesce to form a ribbon-like mass of deposits.
	名为Alport综合征的遗传性肾炎。病人通常表现为神经性耳聋及眼病。因为中性脂肪和粘多糖堆积，肾小管细胞呈泡沫样。肾小球表现为不规则增厚，基底膜分离。 This is a type of hereditary nephritis known as Alport's syndrome in which patients may also manifest nerve deafness and eye problems. The renal tubular cells appear foamy because of the accumulation of neutral fats and mucopolysaccharides. The glomeruli show irregular thickening and splitting of basement membranes.