心脏移植后急性血管排斥反应.炎症反应存在大量的淋巴细胞,主要围绕在小动脉周围,成为血管炎。移植后数月免疫抑制剂剂量减少时就会发生。这样的病人增加免疫抑制剂的治疗不如急性细胞性排斥反应那么有效。
This is acute vascular rejection in a heart transplant. The inflammatory reaction consists mostly of lymphocytes and is seen mainly around small arteries, a vasculitis. Such a reaction can occur when the dose of immunosuppressive drugs is decreased in the months following transplantation. Increasing immunosuppresive therapy in these patients is not as effective as for acute cellular rejection.

通过免疫荧光法,发生急性血管排斥反应的心脏血管壁可见高亮度的IgG抗体。
By immunofluorescence, antibody to IgG is seen highlighting the vascular walls in this heart with acute vascular rejection.

通过对CD-3抗体行免疫过氧化物酶染色,在心移植后急性细胞排斥反应的受者心脏心肌层中T淋巴细胞被显示出来.
An immunoperoxidase staining with antibody to CD-3, the T-lymphocytes in the myocardium involved in this acute cellular rejection phenomenon in a heart transplant recipient can be identified.

图示淀粉样变性，特征是不定形的蛋白性质物质多年慢慢沉积在一个或更多的组织中,见在暗红心肌纤维间有浅粉红色淀粉样沉积物。
This is a peculiar disease known as amyloidosis. Amyloidosis is characterized by slow deposition over years of increasing amounts of an amorphous proteinaceous material in one or more tissues. Seen here in the heart between the darker red myofibers are pale pink amyloid deposits.

刚果红染色,在偏振光下观察,如图所见在心脏一动脉周围的沉积物,淀粉样物质呈现典型的“苹果绿”双折射光。
When stained with Congo red and observed under polarized light, the amyloid has a characteristic "apple green" birefringence as seen here in a deposit around an artery in the heart.

电镜，淀粉样物质是由原纤维的β-折叠组成。可见不规则的灰色物质。当淀粉样蛋白由免疫球蛋白轻链组成时，那么它就是“免疫细胞衍生性淀粉样变性”,当它来自于血清淀粉相关蛋白时,就是“反应性系统性淀粉样变性”。根据对器官的影响，“淀粉样物质就是细胞外蛋白样物质”。
By electron microscopy, amyloid is composed of a "beta-pleated sheet" of fibrils, seen here as irregular grey material. When the amyloid protein is made up of immunoglobulin light chains, then it is "AL amyloid" and when it is derived from serum amyloid-associated protein, then it is "AA amyloid." In terms of the effect upon the organs, "amyloid is amyloid".

心肌中针对λ轻链抗体的免疫荧光图。为免疫细胞衍生性淀粉样变性。
This is the immunofluorescent appearance of the myocardium with antibody to lambda light chain. Thus, this is "AL amyloid".