This is the microscopic appearance of neoplasia, or uncontrolled new growth. Here, the neoplasm is infiltrating into the underlying cervical stroma. Of course, there can be carcinoma in situ in which a full-fledged neoplasm is present, but has not yet invaded.

图示是肿瘤或者称异常增生的新生物，正向上皮下基质浸润。当然这个只能称原位癌，虽然属于真正的肿瘤，但仍没有浸润性生长。

This is a squamous cell carcinoma. Note the disorderly growth of the squamous epithelial cells in these large nests with pink keratin in the centers.

图示是鳞状细胞癌。在中央有粉染角化珠的大癌巢中可见鳞状上皮细胞的不规则生长。

Of course, neoplasms can be benign as well as malignant, though it is not always easy to tell how a neoplasm will act. Here is a benign lipoma on the serosal surface of the small intestine. It has the characteristics of a benign neoplasm: it is well circumscribed, slow growing, and resembles the tissue of origin (fat).

当然，肿瘤有良性和恶性之分，尽管它们的区别不总是很明显的。图示小肠浆膜表面的良性肿瘤－脂肪瘤，具有良性瘤特点：周围局限、生长缓慢、和与起源组织（脂肪组织）很相似。

At low power magnification, a lipoma of the small intestine is seen to be well demarcated from the mucosa at the lower center-right. This neoplasm is so well-differentiated that, except for its appearance as a localized mass, it is impossible to tell from normal adipose tissue.

在低倍镜下，小肠脂肪瘤和黏膜界限很清，这个瘤分化良好，只表现为局限性肿块，很难和正常脂肪组织区分开。

Here is the lipoma at high magnification. This is a good example of how a benign neoplasm mimics the tissue of origin.

高倍镜下，从这个脂肪瘤很容易观察到良性瘤和起源组织的相似性。

Benign neoplasms can be multiple, as is shown in this uterus with leiomyomas of varying size, but all benign and well-circumscribed firm white masses. Remember that the most common neoplasm is a benign nevus (pigmented mole) of the skin, and most people have several. As a general rule, benign neoplasms do not give rise to malignant neoplasms.

良性赘生物可以是多发的。图示子宫平滑肌瘤，大小不同，界限清楚、质硬、色白、都表现为良性。最多见良性瘤是一种良性皮肤痣（色素痣），大多数人都有几个，这种赘生物一般不会恶化。

The microscopic appearance of a leiomyoma indicates that the cells do not vary greatly in size and shape and closely resemble normal smooth muscle cells.

镜下观，平滑肌瘤细胞大小和形态没有很大变化，和正常平滑肌细胞非常相似。

Multiple adenomatous polyps of the cecum are seen here in a case of familial polyposis.

图示：家族性肠息肉病的一个病例—盲肠部位的多发性腺瘤性息肉。

The schwannoma is seen microscopically to be composed of spindle cells (like most neoplasms of mesenchymal origin), but the cells are fairly uniform and there is plenty of pink cytoplasm.

镜下观，这个神经鞘瘤由梭形细胞组成（象多数间叶细胞起源的瘤），细胞大小一致，胞浆丰富、呈粉红色。