Here is the gross appearance of a normal uterus with fundus, lower uterine segment, cervix, vaginal cuff, right fallopian tube, left fallopian tube, right ovary, and left ovary from a young woman.

图示:肉眼观一年轻女性正常的子宫,子宫下段,宫颈,阴道断端,双侧输卵管及卵巢.

Here is a normal uterus with fallopian tubes and ovaries from a perimenopausal woman. The ovaries are somewhat smaller than in the preceding picture but have a similar tan-white bosselated appearance.

图示：一更年期女性正常的子宫、输卵管及卵巢。与上图相比，卵巢较小，而且呈现白褐色的圆凸状外观。

Here is a normal uterus with fallopian tubes and ovaries from an older postmenopausal woman. The uterus and ovaries are smaller than in the preceding picture and have a fairly smooth tan-white appearance.

图示：一绝经女性正常的子宫、输卵管及卵巢。与上图相比，子宫和卵巢较小，而且呈现十分光滑的白褐色外观。

Here is a normal cervix with a smooth, glistening mucosal surface. There is a small rim of vaginal cuff from this hysterectomy specimen. The cervical os is small and round, typical for a nulliparous woman. The os will have a fish-mouth shape after one or more pregnancies.

图示：正常宫颈，粘膜表面平滑。标本带有小片阴道断端边缘。宫颈外口小而圆，呈现未经产女性的特点。一次或多次生育后，宫颈外口呈现鱼嘴样裂口。

This is normal cervical non-keratinizing squamous epithelium. The squamous cells show maturation from basal layer to surface.

图示：正常宫颈鳞状上皮，无角化。鳞状上皮从基底层到表层逐步成熟。

The normal adult vaginal mucosa with a wrinkled appearance that is seen in women of reproductive years appears at the left. The cervix has been opened to reveal an endocervical canal leading to the lower uterine segment at the right that has an erythematous appearance extending to the cervical os consistent with chronic inflammation.

图示：左为育龄女性正常阴道粘膜，呈褶皱样外观。宫颈被剖开以示子宫颈内管（图右），与子宫下段相连，一直到宫颈外口呈红斑状外观，符合慢性炎症特征。

This is chronic cervicitis at the squamo-columnar junction of the cervix. Small round dark lymphocytes are seen in the submucosa, and there is also hemorrhage. Chronic cervicitis is quite common.

图示宫颈柱状上皮、鳞状上皮交界处的慢性子宫颈炎，粘膜下层可见小而圆且染色深的淋巴细胞，以及出血。慢性宫颈炎是常见病变.

The normal cervical squamous epithelium at the left transforms to dysplastic changes on the right. There is also underlying chronic inflammation because abnormal epithelial surfaces do not provide the same protective barrier as normal epithelial surfaces do.

图左示正常宫颈鳞状上皮，图右示其不典型增生的改变，因防御功能下降，粘膜下层有慢性炎症。

This is cervical squamous dysplasia at high magnification extending from the center to the right. The epithelium is normal at the left. Note how the dysplastic cell nuclei are larger and darker, and the dysplastic cells have a disorderly arrangement.

图中至右侧示高倍镜下不典型增生的鳞状上皮，其细胞核大，染色深，且失去正常排列结构。图左示正常鳞状上皮。