Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Sections A
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked
A),B),C)andD).Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer
on the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets
with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
I have been to the Great Wall three times _____ 1979.
A)fromB)afterC)forD)since
The sentence should read,"I have been to the Great Wall three times since
1979."Therefore, you should choose D).
I worked so late in the office last night that I hardly had time _____ the last
bus .
A)to have caught
B)to catch
C)catching
D)having caught
As it turned out to be a small house party, we _____ so formally.
A)needn't dress up
B)did not need have dressed up
C)did not need dress up
D)needn't have dressed up
I apologize if I _____ you, but I assure you it was unintentional .
A)offend
B)had offended
C)should have offended
D)might have offended
Although a teenager, Fred could resist _____ what to do and what not to do .
A)to be told
B)having been told
C)being told
D)to have been told
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage
_____ avoided .
A)is to be
B)can be
C)will be
D)has been
Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially
true _____ it comes to classroom tests .
A)before
B)as
C)since
D)when
There are over 100 night schools in the city, making it possible for a professional
to be re-educated no matter _____ he does .
A)how
B)where
C)what
D)when
I've kept up a friendship with a girl whom I was at school _____ twenty years
ago .
A)about
B)since
C)till
D)with
He wasn't asked to take on the chairmanship of the society, _____ insufficiently
popular with all members .
A)being considerd
B)considering
C)to be considered
D)having considered
_____ for the timely investment from the general public,our company would not
be so thriving as it is .
A)Had it not been
B)Were it not
C)Be it not
D)Should it not be
Section B
Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked
A),B),C)and D). Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark
your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the
brackets with a pencil. (5 points)
Example:
A number of A) foreign visitors were taken B) to the industrial exhibition which
C) they saw D) many new products.
Part C) is wrong. The sentence should read, “A number of foreign visitors were
taken to the industrial exhibition where they saw many new products.” So you
should choose C).
According to Darwin,randon changes that enhance a species' A) ability for surviving
B) are C) naturally selected and passed on to succeeding D) generations.
Neither rain nor snow keeps A) the postman from delivering our letters which
B)we so much C) look forward to receive D) .
If they will not accept A) a check, we shall have B)to pay the cash C) , though
it would be D) much trouble for both sides .
Having been A) robbed off B)economic importance,those states are not C) likely
to count for very much D) in international political terms.
The message will be A) that B)neither the market nor the government is capable
of dealing with all of their C) uncontrollable practices D) .
The logic of scientific development is such A) that separates B)groups of men
working on C) the same problem in far-scattered D) laboratories are likely to
arrive at the same answer at the same time.
Yet not all of these races are intellectual inferior to A) the European races,
and B)some may even have a C) freshness and vitality that can renew the energies
D) of more advanced races.
The A) more than 50,000 nuclear weapons in the hands of various nations today
are more than B)ample destroying C) every city in the world several times over
D) .
The universe works in a way so far remove A) from what common sense would B)allow
that C) words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it D) .
The integration of independent states could best be A) brought about by first
B)creaing a central organization with authorities C) over technical D) economic
tasks.
Sections C
Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked
A),B),C)and D). Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer
on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with
a pencil. (10 points)
Example:
The lost car of the Lees was found _____ in the woods off the highway.
A)vanishedB)scattered C)abandonedD)rejected
The sentence should read, “The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the
woods off the highway.” Therefore, you should choose C).
The machine needs a complete _____ since it has been in use for over ten years
.
A)amending
B)fitting
C)mending
D)renovating
There were many people present and he appeared only for a few seconds, so I
only caught a _____ of him .
A)glance
B)glimpse
C)look
D)sight
I don't think it's wise of you to _____ your greater knowledge in front of the
director, for it may offend him .
A)show up
B)show out
C)show in
D)show off
The returns in the short _____ may be small,but over a number of years the investment
will be well repaid .
A)interval
B)range
C)span
D)term
A thorough study of biology requires _____ with the properties of trees and
plants,and the habit of birds and beasts .
A)acquisition
B)discrimination
C)curiosity
D)familiarity
She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _____
her long effort .
A)justify
B)testify
C)rectify
D)verify
I'm very glad to know that my boss has generously agreed to _____ my debt in
return for certain services .
A)take away
B)cut out
C)write off
D)clear up
Some journalists often overstate the situation so that their news may create
a great _____ .
A)explosion
B)sensation
C)exaggeration
D)stimulation
According to what you have just said,am I to understand that his new post _____
no responsibility with it at all? .
A)shoulders
B)possesses
C)carries
D)shares
Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _____ to a certain book
or article that has some bearing on the subject being studied .
A)comment
B)reaction
C)impression
D)comprehension
Please _____ yourself from smoking and spitting in public places,since the law
fotbids them .
A)restrain
B)hinder
C)restrict
D)prohibit
Without telephone it would be impossible to carry on the functions of _____
every business operation in the whole country .
A)practically
B)preferably
C)precisely
D)presumably
Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, _____ the $160
billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress .
A)in proportion to
B)in reply to
C)in relation to
D)in contrast to
He is planning another tour abroad,yet his passport will _____ at the end of
this month .
A)expire
B)exceed
C)terminate
D)cease
All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read _____ letters
from their families .
A)sentimental
B)affectionate
C)intimate
D)sensitive
Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to _____ ,or at
least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s .
A)revolt
B)revolve
C)reverse
D)revive
I was unaware of the critical points involved,so my choice was quite _____ .
A)arbitrary
B)rational
C)mechanical
D)unpredictable
The local people were joyfully surprised to find the price of vegetables no
longer _____ according to the weather .
A)altered
B)converted
C)fluctuated
D)modified
The pursuit of leisure on the part of the employees will certainly not _____
their prospect of promotion .
A)spur
B)further
C)induce
D)reinforce
In what _____ to a last minute stay of execution,a council announced that emergency
funding would keep alive two aging satellites .
A)applies
B)accounts
C)attaches
D)amounts
Part II Cloze Test
Directions:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four
choices marked A),B),C),D). Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER
SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.
(10 points)
Until recently most histroians spoke very critically of the
Industrial Revolution. They 41 that in the long run industrialization greatly
raised the standard of living for the 42 man. But they insisted that its 43
results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery
for the 44 of the English population. 45 contrast, they saw in the preceding
hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 46 agricultural country,
a period of great abundance and prosperity.
This view, 47 ,is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 48 history and
economics, have 49 two things:that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 50 by great
poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually
improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.
41.A)admitted B)believed C)claimed D)predicted
42.A)plain B)average C)mean D)normal
43.A)momentary B)prompt C)instant D)immediate
44.A)bulk B)host C)gross D)magnitude
45.A)On B)With C)For D)By
46.A)broadly B)thoroughly C)generally D)completely
47.A)however B)meanwhile C)therefore D)moreover
48.A)at B)in C)about D)for
49.A)manifested B)approved C)shown D)speculated
50.A)noted B)impressed C)labeled D)marked
Part III Reading Comprehension
Directions:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each
question there are four answers marked A),B),C) and D). Read the passages carefully
and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on
the ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (40
points)
Passage 1
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams. Perhaps
it is humankind's long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes
the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascination. But to be
fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind. Several giant dam projects threaten
to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful. It doesn't help
that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations
and people striving to assert themselves. Egypt's leadership in the Arab world
was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey's bid for First World status includes
the giant Ataturk Dam.
But big dams tend not to work as intended. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped
the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left -
all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt
that it barely generates electricity.
And yet, the myth of controlling the waters persists. This week, in the heart
of civilized Europe, Slovaks and Hungarians stopped just short of sending in
the troops in their contention over a dam on the Danube. The huge complex will
probably have all the usual problems of big dams. But Slovakia is bidding for
independence from the Czechs, and now needs a dam to prove itself.
Meanwhile, in India, the World Bank has given the go ahead to the even more
wrong headed Narmada Dam. And the bank has done this even though its advisors
say the dam will cause hardship for the powerless and environmental destruction.
The benefits are for the powerful, but they are far from guaranteed.
Proper, scientific study of the impacts of dams and of the cost and benefits
of controlling water can help to resolve these conflicts. Hydroelectric power
and flood control and irrigation are possible without building monster dams.
But when you are dealing with myths, it is hard to be either proper, or scientific.
It is time that the world learned the lessons of Aswan. You don't need a dam
to be saved.
The third sentence of paragraph 1 implies that _____ .
A)people would be happy if they shut their eyes to reality
B)the blind could be happier than the sighted
C) overexcited people tend to neglect vital things.
D)fascination makes people lose their eyesight
In paragraph 5, “the powerless” probably refers to _____ .
A)areas short of electricity
B)dams without power stations
C)poor counrtries around India
D)common people in the Narmada Dam area
What is the myth concerning giant dams?
A)They bring in more fertile soil.
B)They help defend the country.
C)They strengthen international ties.
D)They have univeral control of the waters.
What the author tries to suggest may best be interpreted as _____ .
A)“It's no use crying over spilt milk”
B)“More haste, less speed”
C) “Look before you leap”
D)“He who laughs last laughs best”
Passage 2
Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere
you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish
is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding
over is for real.
The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump
manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2%
since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade.
And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more
than twice the 1978 87 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration
is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and
so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is,
as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass
of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected
by the statistics.
Some of this can be easily explanied. New ways of organizing the workplace all
that re engineering and downsizing - are only one contribution to the overalll
productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint
investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education
and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended
to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity:switching
to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring
of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done,
it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong
Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re engineering”
has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater
than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too
many companies have applied re engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping
out costs without giving sufficent thought to long term profitability. BBDO's
Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re engineering consultants
as mere rubbish - “the worst sort of ambulance cashing.”
According to the author, the American economic situation is _____ .
A)not as good as it seems
B)at its turning point
C)much better than it seems
D)near to complete recovery
The official statistics on productivity growth _____ .
A)exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle
B)fall short of businessmen's anticipation
C)meet the expectation of business people
D)fail to reflect the true state of economy
The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because _____
.
A)he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”
B)he does not think the productivity revolution works
C)he wonders if the official statistics are misleading
D)he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses
Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A)Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
B)New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
C)The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.
D)The consultants are a bunch of good for nothigns.
Passage 3
Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture.
Think of Gallileo's 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic
Church or poet William Blake's harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview
of Isaac Newton. The schism between sceience and the humanities has, if anything,
deepened in this century.
Until recently, the seientific community was so powerful that it could affort
to ignore its critics - but no longer. As funding for science has declined,
scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition,
by Paul R.Gross, a biologist at the University of Verginia, and Norman Levitt,
a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The DemonHaunted World, by Car Sagan
of Cornell University.
Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The
Flight from Science and Reason,” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science
in the Age of (Mis)information,”which assembled last June near Buffalo.
Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and
Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists, philosophers and other academics
who have questioned science's objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those
who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific
worldview.
A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been
attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination
of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated
decreased funding for basic research.
Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, those manifesto,
published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pretechnological
utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled
industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & World Report
last May seemed to suggest.
The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies
of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental
studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the
depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming
meaningless. “The term 'antiscience' can lump together too many, quite different
things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work
Science and Anti Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend
to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened. ”
The word “schism”(Line 4, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means _____ .
A)confrontation
B)dissatisfaction
C)separation
D)contempt
Paragraphs 2 and 3 are written to _____ .
A)discuss the cause of the decline of science's power
B)show the author's symphathy with scientists
C)explain the way in which science develops
D)exemplify the division of science and the humanities
Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A)Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.
B)Politicans are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.
C)The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience
D)Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable
The author's attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience” is _____
.
A)impartial
B)subjective
C)biased
D)puzzling
Passage 4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and
more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest
reaches a near standstill.
This development - and its strong implications for US politics and economy in
years ahead - has enthroned the South as America's most densely populated region
for the first time in the history of the nation's head counting.
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people - numerically
the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain
adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the
Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War
II, and the pattern still prevails.
Three sun belt states - Florida, Texas and California - together had nearly
10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San
Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th - with Cleveland
and Washington.DC,dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt,
census officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so
did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's “baby boom” generation reached its
child bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by
a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking
not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances-
● Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate
- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
●Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent
respectively. Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is
composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to morebearable
climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious
living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population
in the 1970s, more than any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly
to other parts of the West. Often they chose - and still are choosing - somewhat
colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime
and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result, California's growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent
- little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below
that of other Western states.
Discerned from the perplexing picture of population growth the 1980 census provided,
America in 1970s _____ .
A)enjoyed the lowest net growth of population in history
B)witnessed a southwestern shift of population
C)underwent an unparalleled period of population growth
D)brought to a standstill its pattern of migration since World dWar II
The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population
movement in that _____ .
A)it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution
B)it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants
C)it reveals the Americans' new persuit of spacious living
D)it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday's “baby boom”
We can see from the available statistics that _____ .
A)California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
B)the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
C)cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
D)Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
The word “demographers” (Line 1, Paragraph 8) most probably means _____ .
A)people infavor of the trend of democracy
B)advocates of migration between states
C)scientists engaged in the studey of population
D)conservatives clinging to old patterns of life
Passage 5
Scattered around the globe are more than 100 small regions of isolated volcanic
activity known to geologists as hot spots. Unlike most of the world's volcanoes,
they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that
make up the earth's surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior
of a plate. Most of the hot spots move only slowly, and in some cases the movement
of the plates past them has left trails of dead volcanoes. The hot spots and
their volcanic trails are milestones that mark the passage of the plates.
That the plates are moving is not beyond dispute. Africa and South America,
for example, are moving away from eath other as new material is injected into
the sea floor between them. The complementary coastlines and certain geological
features that seem to span the ocean are reminders of where the two continents
were once joined. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents
has been constructed in detail, but the motion of one plate with respect to
another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth's
interior. It is not possible to determine whether both continents are moving
in opposite direcitons or whether one continent is stationary and the other
is drifting away from it. Hot spots,anchored in the deeper layers of the earth,
provide the measuring instruments needed to resolve the quesiton. From an analysis
of the hot spot popultion it appears that the African plate is stationary and
that it has not moved during the past 30 million years.
The significance of hot spots is not confined to their role as a frame of
reference. It now appears that they also have an important influence on the
geophysical processes that propel the plates across the globe. When a continental
plate come to rest over a hot spot, the material rising from deeper layer creates
a broad dome. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least
a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so
that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean. Thus just as earlier
theories have explanied the mobility of the continents, so hot spots may explain
their mutability(inconstance).
The author believes that _____ .
A)the motion of the plates corresponds to that of the earth's interior
B)the geological theory about drifting plates has been proved to be true
C)the hot spots and the plates move slowly in opposite directions
D)the movement of hot spots proves the continents are moving apart
That Africa and South America were once joined can be deduced from the fact
that _____ .
A)the two continents are still moving in opposite direcitons
B)they have been found to share certain geological features
C)the African plates has been stable for 30 million years
D)over 100 hot spots are scattered all around the globe
The hot spot theory may prove useful in explaining _____ .
A)the structure of the African plates
B)the revival of dead volcanoes
C)the mobility of the continents
D)the formation of new oceans
The passage is mainly about _____ .
A)the features of volcanic activities
B)the importance of the theory about drifting plates
C)the significance of hot spots in geophysical studies
D)the process of the formation of volcanoes
Part IV English Chinese Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined
sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER
SHEET II. (15 points).
They were, by far, the largest and most distant objects that
scientists had ever decteded: a strip of enourmous cosmic clouds some 15 billion
light years from earth. 71) But even more important, it was the farthest that
scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were
the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. That was just
about the moment that the universe was born. What the researchers found was
at once both amazing and expected; the US National Aeronautics and Space Administratin's
Cosmic Background Explorer satellite -Cobe-had disvocered landmark evidence
that the universe did in fact begin with the primeval explosion that has become
known as the Big Bang(the theory that the universe originated in an explosion
from a single mass of energy).
72) The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang,
first put forward in the 1920s, to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation
of the cosmos. According the the theory, the universe burst into being as a
submicroscopic, unimaginable dense knot of pure energy that flew outward in
all directions, emitting radiation as it went, condensing into particles and
then into atoms of gas. Over billions of years, the gas was compressed by gravity
into galaxies, stars, plants and eventully, even humans.
Cobe is designed to see just the biggest structures, but astronomers would
like to see much smaller hot spots as well, the seeds of local objects like
clusters and superclusters of galaxies. They shouldn't have long to wait. 73)
Astrophysicists working with ground based detectors at the South Pole and balloon
borne instruments are closing in on such structures, and may report their findings
soon.
74) If the small hot spots look as expected, that will be a triumph for yet
another scientific idea, a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary
universe theory. Inflation says that very early on, the unverse expanded in
size by more than a trillion trillion trillion trillionfold in much less than
a second, propelled by a sort of antigravity. 75) Odd though it sounds, cosmic
inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas
in elementary particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been conviced
for the better part of a decade that it is true.
71._____________________________________________________________.
72._____________________________________________________________.
73._____________________________________________________________.
74._____________________________________________________________.
75._____________________________________________________________.
Part V Writing (15 points)
Directions:
A.Study the following cartoon carefully and write an essay in no less than 150words.
B.Your essay must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II.
C.Your essay should meet the requirements below:
1. Write out the messages conveyed by the cartoon.
2. Give your comments
Part I Structure and Vocabulary
Section A(1-10)
BDBCADCDAA
Section B(11-20)
BDCBCBACAC
Section C(21-40)
CBDDDACBCBAADABCACBD
Part II Cloze Test(41-50)
ABDADDABCD
Part III Reading Comprehension(51-70)
CDDCABBACDAABCDCBBDC
Part IV English Chinese Translation
更为重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的最遥远的过去的景象，因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。
巨大的宇宙云的存在，实际上是使二十年代首创的大爆炸论得以保持其宇宙起源论的主导地位所不可缺少的。
天体物理学家使用南极陆基探测器及球载仪器，正越来越近地观测这些云系，也许不久会报告他们的观测结果。
假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。
宇宙膨胀说虽然听似奇特，但它是基本粒子物理学中一些公认的理论在科学上看来可信的推论。许多天体物理学家七、八年来一直认为这一论说是正确的。
Part V Writing
第一篇
Recently, more and more people have seen varieties of promises
either from TV, newspaper or from other media. As is shown in the cartoon, even
a hen has leanred how to promise. We all know that hen's duty is to lay eggs
which should undoutbly consist of most elementary part. But the hen promises
what she should do!(图画点题，夹叙夹议)
With the development of the society and the improvement of people's living
standard, more and more attention should be paid to the improvement of quality
of service. Therefore, many enterprises and departments promise to better their
services so as to meet the people's need better. They are also pleased to invite
people to supervise what they have done and will do. But much to our surprise,
some of them just say something that they should do. These promises are only
laughted at by people. (解释配诗，又有议论)
In my opinion, doing more is better than proming more. Because people are
willing to be served really. All we should lay more emphasis on what we do and
how we can virtually improve the level of service. Only in this way can we make
people satisfied with what we do. (发表自己的观点)
评语：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息；清楚表达其内涵，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确，文章长度符合要求。本作文得13分
第二篇
Such A Promise
There is a cartoon with the topic of “Such A Promise” says “Promises are often
make in many business, that we welcome your supervisement and will not refuse
it.”
But it's all what they should do and it's not at all necessary to sing this
“song of civilization.”(这两段写出了“message conveyed by the cartoon”)
Yes, it's ture, There are so many people thinking that it's not their obligation
to do what they should do. They like to sing that “song of civilization” and
pretend they were good to finish their job. But in fact, it's normal. People
should finish their jobs heart and soul. Nice men do thier job without any vacant
promise. They just do their best. Only such people can improve the development
of the country. They are common. But they are needed, they are useful.
Those who only can say something and always make vacant comments are not practical.
They just say and not do. They are unfit for the modernization. They are harmful
to our country. And there are so many such people. So we should have a thorough
refermation just as we are doing now. We should improve our people's virgin
and teach them to do more things than to say. (这两段为评论)
评论：内容切题，包括图画的全部信息；比较清楚地表达其内涵，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误，文章长度符合要求。本作文得10分。
第三篇
The carton shows us the messages conveyed. Today, we see
messages conveyed in our life, this like the cartoon picture, the hen's promise,
the hen's egg who are ensured the egg should be all the age things.
From the cartoon, we see this recovered some problem. Some promise raised
in our social. Firstly, some produties and some companies in order to gain profits,
they nelected the peoples's hope and ieads. A serval proty says produce a large
of by profitable. Secondly, some unit long for advance in some unite and factory,
they seledom songs highly songs, which keep thier majority conditions, this
generally made wrong measure to deal with our goverment, our people. Thirdly,
this observes let's unpleasured and worried. This cheat factors bring up troulbes
in people's life, the people don't know the massages conveyed is true or not.
The messages conveyed is conveyed, or isn't conveyed.
In my opinion that this observes large dangerous our life, the messages conveyed
isn't conveyed, and the messages conveyed bring not conveyed. My comments that
we improve and critics this observes, Our goverment and our solical must highly
deal with this promblem, Our people must save this wrong action, let messages
conveyed truely bring our life, let our solical have actually improved this
problem, In order to our future.(10分，本题在于结构好，使阅卷老师“一不留神”就给了高分。)
第四篇
From this cartoon, I laugh at the hen keep promises that
she ought to do it. Hence, I think that many compnaies keep their promises like
this now. Hens should lay eggs like this instead of keeping this promises.
As Chinese economy is advancing, the commodity become rich. At the same time
a lot of products that are not qualified one sold in market places. Although
those products do great harm to people, the cases are encouraged by some admistrations
because renevues can be gained from this. People complain this deeply.
As a result, many companies assure people that their products and services
are qulified. Consumers are all puzzled by those cases. Why do so many companies
keep their promises that they should do?
It is true that companies may show their advertisement, but they should not
have done less than what they have promised. Companies should do their works
honestly.(8分)
第五篇
PROMISE
From the cartoon, we can see a hen promises that her eggs are in good qualities.
At first sight, you may busrt into laughing, but do you realize what's meaning
it hints? (cartoon)
At present, promise is popular thoughout all the working areas. From radio,
television or all kinds of newspaper, we can easily see one advertisement with
good promise, such as the quality of goods, the ensurement of reparing, the
exchangement, etc. Some sound reasonable, but some are not necessary.
Some quality are a part of goods, so if it's no use of promising such things.
And sometime it may gives rise to bad influence on goods. People may not think
the goods are good enough. Make sure good promising is available!(8分)
第六篇
Such Promise
At present, it is popular that all kinds of business and produce both make
promise. All businessmen and producers make promise: it is happy for consumers'
instructment. But, when the promise is produced by these businessmen and producer's,
consumers will find the promise is “false”. Because the promise is these bussinessmen
and producers duty which shall be. As a hen produce eggs, the hen promised it
produce a egg must be a real egg. Such promise! Is it humor?
All kinds of business and producers promise is popular. Because there are
many bussiness and producers, consumers have rights for selection. These producers
make “false” promise for getting many consumers and expanding their sales. In
my opinion, such promise isn't necessary. All producers should try their best
to enhance their produce quality is vital. Only this, they can make their produce
sale more and get more consumers. In modern market economy, these producers
will be strong and will defeat other producers. (6分)
第七篇
Nowday, many departments, example shop, band, impose to people
the something what they ought to do. Shops impose that they do not sell false
and bad goods. But they ought ot sell true and good goods. Why they impose what
they ought to do. I think, first many departments do something that they ought
to do.
Example, some shops sell bad and false goods, so few of shop impose that they
do not sell bad and false goods in order to earn more money. Other shop impose
to people too. Second, these departments impose to people in order to frashion.(5分)
第八篇
Promise
From the cartoon, we see that a hen has a promise about her eggs, we conclud
the the promise is out of it ture implication and promise is of no use.
Give the cartoon, I thought that a promise shout have its reponsibility for
the costomber. Like the cartoon discribe, some one or some companies roast their
product and it function no less than what there producty is. Therefore it leads
to the consumer's fail, so we should plane some politics to prevent this pernomene.
First, reinforce the country offercials work. Second, every company should reponside
for what you have said and do it correctly. The last, every coustomber should
rise his ability to distinguish the promise.
With all describe, we can conclude that every company should sponsible for his
promise and we also should do some to prvend him. (4分)
第九篇
You can see the picture. after the hen lay eggs, what it
show is humor. What it says is her own ability.
Our country have many people like the hen what he do is his own things, but
he pretend to advise(AD) The people should be critis and we should forbit it
and force he to do good thing.(3分)
第十篇
From the cartoon, we can see that the cook show his promise.
But the promise is that she should do.
A chicken broning egges is his responsibility. But (3分)
第十一篇
With the development of society, and as the markets mechandise
is carried on, many companies and enterprises have greatly involved the fights
of advertisement. They spended lots of money on advertising. This is a good
way to make the firms fames.
But many enterprises advertisement fake the consume, make many people puzzle
of thier products. This damage the advantages of many consumers.
So I think we should punish the enterprises just that the cartoon reads.
Their says were competely unreasonable and without any essense of their products'
word. (2分)
第十二篇
Quality of Products
Now our society is undergoing a reform from plannned economy to marketoriented
economy. It bring us many benefits, including the raising of the material livings
and entertainments. However, with the development of market economy, some people
who do not observe the law take advantage of the opportunity to make money.
To some manufacturers, regardless of the quality of products, they only care
for making money. They make all sorts of promises, but virtually mean nothing.
They do not avoid being invested. Like the drawing in the cartoon, the hen promises
that the eggs she lays are bound to contain the three things all the eggs have.
But whether the eggs can be eaten, it is another thing. Perhaps, they do not
contain nurtrions at all. Thus we see that her promises is not relianble.
As to the quality of products, people have a great concern to it. Inferior
products make us suffer not only economally but also psychologily. When we spend
some money but get nothing, we are sure to be angry. I hope that there are more
laws about the quality of products to protect the consumer. As long as all of
us take action, the quality of products will be improved greatly.(1分)
第十三篇
Quality of products
in order to improve the quality of products made in this country, quality
control will have to be effectively inforced. Many people have complained about
products that don't work, sometimes shortly after they are bought, bikes that
break down, radios that do not work, and even pens that refuse to write after
a few words.
Unless the quality of products is improved, people in our country will tend
to buy foerign made products, we notice that many people prefer Japanese electronic
products (radio, television, ect.) to those made here. It is said that the foreign
made products are sure to be better than those homemade.
Once quality control comes into force, domestic products can gradually best
down the foreign products. As a result, buyers will turn back to homemade products.
the sales of Chinese products within the contary and even outsidethe century
will increase.(0分)
第十四篇
From the carton above, we can see an odd thing. The eggs
- having been known as round. But his producer has to announce and grarante
his reality. It reflects that between producers and consumers they distrust
each other.
We live in a material world. Making money has become the most important thing.
Because many symbolizes one's success and ability and can bring many benefits.
So some products make fake production in sake of earning more money. when consumers
buy thesefake production and are harmed, they don't believe producers no longer.
They begin to seek productions safe and high quantity. Therefore, product, have
to guarantee to consumers.
In fact, in a long run, these cheating do harm to not only consumers, but
also cheaters. In international competitions, quantity is the most important.
High quantity bring good fame, and can bring good profits and can modify the
competition. Above all, it can quarantee your comparison more and more large.
Distrust can cantagions, so can trust. Honest is one of the most important
virtues. We should keep honest and make the consumption equality. The government
should take actions to regulate market. Laws should be make to warn fake producers.
And our market will be more stable and prosperity. (0分)
第十五篇
Fake and inferior goods
Fake and inferior goods can be seen everywhere. Almost every kind of goods
not only in small shops, but in big department stores or markets, from daily
necessies to industrical material, from soft drinking to clotheses. It would
be fatal for the government to underestimate the destructive power of it.
Fake and inferior good do lots harm for us. First, it damages not only the
consumers interest, but their health and even their lives. Second most of fake
and inferior good will damage the famous brands. Third more and more fake and
inferior goods makes the consumers hesitate before choosing goods.
Faced with fake and inferior goods we must take measure. First of all, helping
to consumer improve their recognize. Second helping the consumer to distinguish
fake and inferior good. So we can controlled and elimited fake and inferior
goods. (0分)