不规则微红色外生性溃疡，位于食管中段粘膜表面的的肿块是鳞状细胞癌。食管鳞状细胞癌的危险因素在美国包括大量吸烟和酒精中毒。在别的国家饮食因素可能起作用。
This irregular reddish, ulcerated exophytic mid-esophageal mass as seen on the mucosal surface is a squamous cell carcinoma. Risk factors for esophageal squamous carcinoma include mainly smoking and alcoholism in the U.S. In other parts of the world dietary factors may play a role.
