结节性硬化症，常染色体显性遗传，表现为智力低下、癫痫发作等。组织学上的特征表现为出现结节，它是扩大、变硬、变白的脑回。白色的箭头所指即是“结节”。
This is tuberous sclerosis, an autosomal dominant condition characterized by mental retardation and seizures beginning early in life. The characteristic feature is the presence of "tubers" which are enlarged and firm, whitened gyri. A "tuber" is seen at the white arrow.