图示心肌肥大（左心室）
心肌纤维的数量虽然没有增加，但是心肌纤维为了适应心脏负荷的增加而体积增大（肥大）。此为高血压病人肥大的心脏，左心室明显增厚。
这种代偿性肥大随着时间的推移逐渐失去代偿，随着心肌细胞消失、纤维化，心室功能障碍。相反，运动训练使心脏体积适度增大，但功能明显增强。
This is cardiac hypertrophy involving the left ventricle. The number of myocardial fibers does not increase, but their size can increase in response to an increased workload, leading to the marked thickening of the left ventricle in this patient with systemic hypertension.
This compensatory hypertrophy is pathologic because the process is maladaptive over time, with eventual myocyte loss, fibrosis, and ventricular dysfunction. In contrast, athletic training leads to minimal increase in heart size, but marked increase in cardiac function.